472. Concatenated Words

leetcode hard

#array#csharp#graph#hard#hash-table#leetcode#search#string#tree

Task

Дан массив строк words (без дубликатов). Верните все составные слова из данного списка слов.

Составное слово определяется как строка, которая полностью состоит как минимум из двух более коротких слов (не обязательно различных) из данного массива.

Пример:

Input: words = ["cat","cats","catsdogcats","dog","dogcatsdog","hippopotamuses","rat","ratcatdogcat"]

Output: ["catsdogcats","dogcatsdog","ratcatdogcat"]

Explanation: "catsdogcats" can be concatenated by "cats", "dog" and "cats";

"dogcatsdog" can be concatenated by "dog", "cats" and "dog";

"ratcatdogcat" can be concatenated by "rat", "cat", "dog" and "cat".

C# solution

matched/original

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class Solution {
    private bool Dfs(string word, int length, bool[] visited, HashSet<string> dictionary) {
        if (length == word.Length) {
            return true;
        }
        if (visited[length]) {
            return false;
        }
        visited[length] = true;
        for (int i = word.Length - (length == 0 ? 1 : 0); i > length; --i) {
            if (dictionary.Contains(word.Substring(length, i - length)) &&
                Dfs(word, i, visited, dictionary)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    public IList<string> FindAllConcatenatedWordsInADict(string[] words) {
        HashSet<string> dictionary = new HashSet<string>(words);
        List<string> answer = new List<string>();
        foreach (string word in words) {
            bool[] visited = new bool[word.Length];
            if (Dfs(word, 0, visited, dictionary)) {
                answer.Add(word);
            }
        }
        return answer;
    }
}

C++ solution

auto-draft, review before submit

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Auto-generated C++ draft from the C# solution. Review containers, LINQ and helper types before submit.
class Solution {
public:
    private bool Dfs(string word, int length, bool[] visited, HashSet<string> dictionary) {
        if (length == word.size()) {
            return true;
        }
        if (visited[length]) {
            return false;
        }
        visited[length] = true;
        for (int i = word.size() - (length == 0 ? 1 : 0); i > length; --i) {
            if (dictionary.Contains(word.Substring(length, i - length)) &&
                Dfs(word, i, visited, dictionary)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    public vector<string> FindAllConcatenatedWordsInADict(vector<string> words) {
        HashSet<string> dictionary = new HashSet<string>(words);
        List<string> answer = new List<string>();
        foreach (string word in words) {
            bool[] visited = new bool[word.size()];
            if (Dfs(word, 0, visited, dictionary)) {
                answer.push_back(word);
            }
        }
        return answer;
    }
}

Java solution

matched/original

import java.util.*;

public class Solution {
    private boolean dfs(String word, int length, boolean[] visited, Set<String> dictionary) {
        if (length == word.length()) {
            return true;
        }
        if (visited[length]) {
            return false;
        }
        visited[length] = true;
        for (int i = word.length() - (length == 0 ? 1 : 0); i > length; --i) {
            if (dictionary.contains(word.substring(length, i)) && dfs(word, i, visited, dictionary)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public List<String> findAllConcatenatedWordsInADict(String[] words) {
        Set<String> dictionary = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(words));
        List<String> answer = new ArrayList<>();
        for (String word : words) {
            boolean[] visited = new boolean[word.length()];
            if (dfs(word, 0, visited, dictionary)) {
                answer.add(word);
            }
        }
        return answer;
    }
}

JavaScript solution

matched/original

class Solution {
    dfs(word, length, visited, dictionary) {
        if (length === word.length) {
            return true;
        }
        if (visited[length]) {
            return false;
        }
        visited[length] = true;
        for (let i = word.length - (length === 0 ? 1 : 0); i > length; i--) {
            if (dictionary.has(word.slice(length, i)) && this.dfs(word, i, visited, dictionary)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    findAllConcatenatedWordsInADict(words) {
        const dictionary = new Set(words);
        const answer = [];
        for (const word of words) {
            const visited = Array(word.length).fill(false);
            if (this.dfs(word, 0, visited, dictionary)) {
                answer.push(word);
            }
        }
        return answer;
    }
}

// Example usage
const solution = new Solution();
const words = ["cat", "cats", "catsdogcats", "dog", "dogcatsdog", "hippopotamuses", "rat", "ratcatdogcat"];
console.log(solution.findAllConcatenatedWordsInADict(words));

Python solution

matched/original

class Solution:
    def dfs(self, word, length, visited, dictionary):
        if length == len(word):
            return True
        if visited[length]:
            return False
        visited[length] = True
        for i in range(len(word) - (1 if length == 0 else 0), length, -1):
            if word[length:i] in dictionary and self.dfs(word, i, visited, dictionary):
                return True
        return False

    def findAllConcatenatedWordsInADict(self, words):
        dictionary = set(words)
        answer = []
        for word in words:
            visited = [False] * len(word)
            if self.dfs(word, 0, visited, dictionary):
                answer.append(word)
        return answer

Go solution

matched/original

package main

import (
    "strings"
)

type Solution struct{}

func (s Solution) dfs(word string, length int, visited []bool, dictionary map[string]bool) bool {
    if length == len(word) {
        return true
    }
    if visited[length] {
        return false
    }
    visited[length] = true
    for i := len(word) - 1; i > length; i-- {
        if dictionary[word[length:i]] && s.dfs(word, i, visited, dictionary) {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}

func (s Solution) findAllConcatenatedWordsInADict(words []string) []string {
    dictionary := make(map[string]bool)
    for _, word := range words {
        dictionary[word] = true
    }
    var answer []string
    for _, word := range words {
        visited := make([]bool, len(word))
        if s.dfs(word, 0, visited, dictionary) {
            answer = append(answer, word)
        }
    }
    return answer
}

func main() {
    solution := Solution{}
    words := []string{"cat", "cats", "catsdogcats", "dog", "dogcatsdog", "hippopotamuses", "rat", "ratcatdogcat"}
    result := solution.findAllConcatenatedWordsInADict(words)
    for _, word := range result {
        println(word)
    }
}

Explanation

Algorithm

Для каждого слова в списке:

Построить неявный граф, в котором узлы представляют индексы символов в слове, а ребра представляют возможность перехода от одного индекса к другому, если подстрока между ними является словом из списка.

Использовать поиск в глубину (DFS) для проверки, можно ли достигнуть узел с индексом word.length от узла с индексом 0 в графе.

Если узел word.length достижим от узла 0, добавить слово в ответ.

😎